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中良家女子,先与两个兄弟定亲,自己方才娶妻,续又与二弟婚配。</span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">约莫数月,忽然对二弟说道:“吾闻兄弟有析居之义。今吾与汝,皆已娶妇,田产不薄,理宜各立门户。”二弟唯唯惟命。乃择日治酒,遍召里中父老。三爵已过,乃告以析居之事。因悉召僮仆至前,将所有家财,一一分剖。首取广宅自予,说道:“吾位为贵臣,门宜,体面不可不肃。汝辈力田耕作,得竹庐茅舍足矣。”又阅田地之籍,凡良田悉归之已,将硗薄者量给二弟,说道:“我宾客众盛,交游日广,非壮健伶俐者,说道:“吾出入跟随,非此不足以给使令。汝辈合力耕作,正须此愚蠢者作伴,老弱馈食足矣,不须多人,费汝衣食也。”</span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">众父老一向知许武是个孝弟之人,这番分财,定然辞多就少。不想他般般件件,自占便宜。两个小兄弟所得,不及他十分之五,全无谦让之心,大有欺凌之意。众人心中甚是不平,有几个刚直老人气忿不过,竟自去了。有个心直口快的,便想要开口,说公道话,与两个小兄弟做乔主张。其中又有个老成的,背地里捏手捏脚,教他莫说,以此罢了。那教他莫说的,也有些见识,他道:“富贵的人,与贫贱的人,不是一般肚肠。许武已做了显官,比不得当初了。常言道:疏不间亲。你我终是外人,怎管得他家事。就是好言相劝,料未必听从,枉费了唇舌,到挑拨他兄弟不和。倘或做兄弟的肯让哥哥,十分之美,你我又呕这闲气则甚!,若做兄弟的心上不甘,必然争论。等他争论时节,我们替他做个主张,却不是好!”正是:</span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">事非干已休多管,话不投机莫强言。</span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">原来许晏、许普,自从蒙哥哥教诲,知书达礼,全以孝弟为重,见哥哥如此分析,以为理之当然,绝无几微不平的意思。许武分拨已定,众人皆散。许武居中住了正房,其左右小房,许晏、许普各住一边。每日率领家奴下田耕种,暇则读书,时时将疑义叩问哥哥,以此为常。妯娌之间,也与他兄弟三人一般和顺。从此里中父老,人人薄许武之所为,都可怜他两个兄弟,私下议论道路:“许武是个假孝廉,许晏、许普才是个真孝廉。他思念父母面上,一体同气,听其教诲,唯唯诺诺,并不违拗,岂不是孝?他又重义轻财,任分多少,全不争论,岂不是廉?”起初里中传个好名,叫做“孝弟许武”,如今抹落了武字,改做“孝弟许家”,把许晏、许普弄出一个大名来。那汉朝清议极重,又传出几句口号,道是:</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">假孝廉,做官员;真孝廉,出口钱。假孝廉,据高轩;真孝廉,守茅檐。假孝,富田园;真孝廉,执锄镰。真为玉,假为瓦,瓦登厦,玉抛野。不宜真,只宜假。</span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">那时明帝即,下诏求贤,令有司访问笃行有学之士,登门礼聘,传驿至京。诏书到会稽郡,郡守分谕各县。县令平昔已知许晏、许普让产不争之事,又值父老公举他真孝真廉,行过其兄,把二人申报本郡。郡守和州牧皆素闻其名,一同举荐。县令亲到其门,下车投谒,手奉玄束帛,备陈天子求贤之意。许晏、许普谦让不已。许武道:“幼学壮行,君子本分之事,吾弟不可固辞。”</span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">二人只得应诏,别了哥嫂,乘传到于长安,朝见天子。拜舞已毕,天子金口玉言,问道:“卿是许武之弟乎?”晏、普叩头应诏。天子又道:“闻卿家有孝弟之名。卿之廉让,有过于兄,朕心嘉悦。”晏、普叩头道:“圣运龙兴,辟门访落,此乃帝王盛典。郡县不以臣晏臣普为不肖,有溷圣聪。臣幼失怙恃,承兄武教训,兢兢自守,耕耘诵读之外,别无他长。弟等何能及兄武之万一。”天子闻对,嘉其谦德,即日俱拜为内史。不五年间,皆至九卿之位。居官虽不如乃兄赫赫之名,然满朝称为廉让。忽一日,许武致家书于二弟。二弟拆开看之,书曰:</span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">匹夫而膺辟召,仕宦而至九卿,此亦人生之极荣也。二疏有言:“知足不辱,知止不殆。”</span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><font face="times new roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">既无出类拔萃之才,宜急流勇退,以避贤路。晏、普得书,即日同上疏辞官。天子不许。疏三上,天子问宰相未均道:“许晏、许普壮入仕,备位九卿。朕待之不薄,而屡屡求退,何也?”未均奏道:“晏、普兄弟二人,天性孝友。今许武久居林下,而晏、普并驾天衢,其心或有未安。”天子道:“朕并召许武,使兄弟三人同朝辅政何如?”未均道:“臣察晏、普之意,出于至诚。陛下不若姑从所请,以遂其高。异日更下诏徵之。或仿先朝故事,就近与一大郡,以展其未尽之才,因使便道归省,则陛下好贤之诚,与晏、普友爱之义,两得之矣。”天子准奏,即拜许宴为丹阳郡太守,许普为吴郡太守,各赐黄金二十斤,宽假三月,以尽兄弟之情。许晏、许普谢恩辞朝,公卿俱出郭到十里长亭,相饯而别。晏、普二人,星夜回到阳羡,拜见了哥哥,将朝廷所赐黄金,尽数献出。许武道:“这是圣上恩赐,吾何敢当!”教二弟各自收去。次日,许武备下三牲祭礼,率领二弟到父母坟茔,拜奠了毕,随即设宴遍召里中父老。许氏三兄弟,都做了大官,虽然他不以富贵骄人,自然声势赫奕。闻他呼唤,不敢不来,浖獴加个请字?那时众父老来得愈加整齐。许武手捧酒卮,亲自劝酒。众人都道:“长文公与二哥三哥接风之酒,老汉辈安敢僭先!”比时风俗淳厚,乡党序齿,许武出仕己久,还叫一句“长文公”。那两个兄弟,又下一辈了,虽是九卿之贵,乡尊故旧,依旧称“哥”。许武道:“下官此席,专屈诸乡亲下降,有句肺腑言奉告。必须满饮三杯,方敢奉闻。”众人被劝,只得吃了。许武教两个兄弟次第把盏,各敬一杯。众人饮罢,齐声道:“老汉辈承贤昆玉厚爱,借花献佛,也要奉敬。”许武等三人,亦各饮讫。众人道:“适才长文公所谕金玉之言,老汉辈拱听已久,愿得示下。”许武叠两个指头,说将出来。言无数句,使听者毛骨耸然。正是:</span>

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    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">斥鷃不知大鹏,河伯不知海若。</span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">圣贤一段苦心,庸夫岂能测度。</span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">许武当时未曾开谈,先流下泪来。吓得众人惊惶无措。两个兄弟慌忙跪下,问道:“哥哥何事悲伤?”许武道:“我的心事,藏之数年,今日不得不言。”指著晏、普道:“只因为你两个名誉未成,使我作违心之事,冒不韪之名,有玷于祖宗,贻笑于乡里,所以流泪。”遂取出一卷册籍,把与众人观看。原来田地屋宅及历年收敛米粟布帛之数。众人还未晓其意。许武又道:“我当初教育两个兄弟,原要他立身修道,扬名显亲。不想我虚名早著,遂先显达。二弟在家,躬耕力学,不得州郡徵辟。我欲效古人祁大夫内举不避亲,诚恐不知二弟之学行者,说他因兄而得官,误了终身名节。我故倡为析居之议,将大宅良田,强奴巧婢,悉据为已有。度吾弟素敦爱敬,决不争竞。吾暂冒贪饕之迹,吾弟有廉让之名。困蒙乡里公评,荣膺徵聘。今位列公卿,官常无玷,吾志已遂矣。这些田房奴婢,都是公共之物,吾岂可一人独享!这几年以来,所收米谷布帛,分毫不敢妄用,尽数开载在那册籍上。今日交付二弟,表为兄的向来心迹,也教众乡尊得知。”</span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">众父老到此,方知许武先年析产一片苦心,自愧见识低微,不能窥测,齐声称叹不已。只有许晏、许普哭倒在地,有累兄长。今日若非兄长自说,弟辈都在梦中。兄长盛德,从古未有。只是弟辈不肖之罪,万分难赎。这些小家财,原是兄长苦挣来的,合该兄长管业。弟辈衣食自足,不消兄长挂念。”许武道:“做哥的力田有年,颇知生殖。况且宦情已淡,便当老于锄,以终天年。二弟年富力强,方司民社,宜资庄产,以终廉节。”晏、普又道:“哥哥为弟辈而册籍,聊减弟辈万一之罪。”</span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">众父老见他兄弟三人交相推让,你不收,我不受,一齐向前劝道:“贤昆玉所言,都则一般道理。长文公若独得了这田产,不见得向来成全两位这一段苦心;两位若迳受了,又负了令兄长文公这一段美意。依老汉辈愚见,宜作三股均分,无厚无薄,这才见兄友弟恭,各尽其道。”他三个兀自你推我让。那父老中有前番那几个刚直的,挺身向前,厉声说道:“吾等适才分处,甚得中庸之道,若再推逊,便是矫情沽誉了。把这册籍来,待老汉与你分剖。”许武弟兄三人,更不敢多言,只得凭他主张,当时将田产配搭三股分开,各自管业。中间大宅,仍旧许武居住。左右屋宇窄狭,以所在粟帛之数补偿晏、普,他日自行改造。其僮婢,亦皆分派。众父老都称为公平。许武等三人施礼作谢,邀入正席饮酒,尽欢而散。</span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">许武心中终以前香析产之事为歉,欲将所得良田之半,立为义庄,以赡乡里,许晏、许普闻知,亦各出己产相助。里中人人叹服,又传出几句口号来,道是:真孝廉,惟许武;谁继之?晏与普。弟不争,兄不取。作义庄,赡乡里,呜呼孝廉谁可比!</span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">晏、普感兄之义,又将朝廷所赐黄金,大市牛酒,日日邀里中父老与哥哥会饮。如此三月,假期已满,晏、普不忍与哥哥分别,各要纳还官诰。许武再三劝谕,责以大义,二人只得听从,各携妻小赴任。</span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">却说里中父老,将许武一门孝弟之事,备细申闻郡县,郡县为之奏闻。圣旨命有司旌表其门,称其里为孝弟里。后来三公九卿,交章荐许武德行绝伦,不宜逸之田野,累诏起用。许武只不奉诏,有人问其缘故,许武道:“两弟在朝居位之时,吾曾讽以知足知止。我若今日复出应诏,是自食其吾了。况方今朝廷之上,是非相激,势利相倾,恐非缙绅之福;不如躬耕乐道之为愈耳。”人皆服其高见。</span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">再说晏、普到任,守其乃兄之教,各以清节自励,大有政声。后闻其兄高致,不肯出仕。弟兄相约,各将印绶纳还,奔回田里,日奉其兄为山水之游,尽老百年而终。许氏子孙昌茂,累代衣冠不绝,至今称为“孝弟许家”云。后人作歌叹道:</span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">今人兄弟多分产,古人兄弟亦分产。</span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">古人分产成弟名,今人分产但嚣争。</span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">古人自污为义,今人自污争微利。</span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">孝义名高身并荣,微利相争家共倾。</span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="times new roman">   </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "times new roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "times new roman"">安得尽居孝弟里,却把阋墙人愧死。</span>

    </p>

    <span lang="en-us"><o:p><font face="times new roman"> </font></o:p></span> </p>

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